Researchers at Group-IB have uncovered a previously undocumented cyber espionage campaign, tracked as JadeProx, targeting government, healthcare, and education organizations across Asia and Latin America. The investigation began after threat actors inadvertently exposed an Alibaba Cloud staging server, revealing their toolset, operational history, and a stealthy Windows malware loader dubbed TriBack Loader. Group-IB discovered an exposed Alibaba Cloud server in Singapore that contained bash histories, phishing packages, webshell paths, tunneling utilities, and malware samples used by the attackers. Analysis linked the activity to intrusions against a Vietnamese hospital's PACS (medical imaging) system, Malaysia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hong Kong educational institutions, and Honduras' National Congress. The campaign's primary malware component, TriBack Loader, is a newly identified Windows loader that relies on DLL sideloading to execute encrypted payloads entirely in memory. Researchers identified four variants that evade endpoint detection by abusing rarely monitored Windows callback APIs, including InitOnceExecuteOnce, TimerQueue callbacks, and the undocumented EtwpCreateEtwThread API instead of conventional thread creation methods. The operators also employed tools such as suo5, Neo-reGeorg, iox, fscan, and Nuclei for lateral movement, tunneling, and vulnerability scanning. Additionally, fake Claude AI installers were used to distribute the Beagle backdoor in parallel phishing campaigns.
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